Ancient Period

In ancient times, the region that constitutes present-day Karulai was under the control of the Nilambur and Amarambalam Kovilakams and the Chemmantitta Devaswom.

The Cholanaickan, Naikan, Malamuthan and Paniya tribal communities have an important place in the ancient social history of the region.

Even today, tribal communities following traditional ways of life continue to reside in the forest regions of Karulai.

Growth of Agricultural Settlements

Farmers from areas such as Manjeri, Kondotty and Areekode migrated to Karulai and cultivated leased lands. They were accompanied by communities such as the Paniya, Cheruma, Kanakkan and Aranadan communities who worked as agricultural labourers.

Gradually, an agricultural-based settlement developed in the region, forming an important part of the social and economic life of Karulai.

1921 — Malabar Rebellion

Karulai also has a historical connection with the Malabar Rebellion of 1921.

The Pallikkunnu area within Karulai Panchayat was one of the important centres associated with the movement.

Historical accounts state that during an encounter in the area, the British forces shot and killed Modavangaluvan Unnithari.

1948 — Bethel Colony

The establishment of Bethel Colony in 1948 marks an important milestone in the modern settlement history of Karulai.

Father Plavunkal, who came from Travancore, purchased land from Ettan Raja, a member of the then Nilambur Kovilakam family.

He subsequently took the initiative to rehabilitate Christian families from Travancore in the area.

Rehabilitation of 47 Families

An initiative was undertaken to develop a model village on approximately 280 acres of land, providing houses and basic facilities for 47 families.

This settlement later came to be known as “Bethel Colony”. The present-day Pullanchery Christian Colony is considered a continuation of this settlement.

Formation of Modern Karulai

The present social structure of Karulai has evolved through the combined influence of the traditional lifestyles of tribal communities, old agricultural settlements, migration of farming communities and forest-based livelihoods.

Over time, significant progress has been made in areas such as roads, education, healthcare, agriculture and trade.

The peaceful coexistence of different communities and cultures remains one of the distinctive social characteristics of Karulai.